What is Big in Belgium: Unpacking the Nation’s Most Significant Contributions and Cultural Icons

Imagine stepping off the train in Brussels, the air alive with the aroma of waffles and the murmur of several languages. You’re keen to understand this vibrant European hub, to pinpoint what truly defines it. What is big in Belgium? It’s a question I’ve grappled with myself, wandering through its charming cobblestone streets and delving into its rich history. It’s not just about grand monuments, though those are certainly impressive. It’s about a tapestry woven from innovation, culinary mastery, artistic expression, and a unique cultural identity that punches far above its weight on the global stage.

Discovering Belgium’s Defining Features: Beyond the Obvious

So, what exactly is big in Belgium? At its core, it’s a nation that excels in a surprising array of fields, often with a quiet efficiency that belies its profound impact. Belgium might be geographically small, but its influence is undeniably vast. From its crucial role in international politics to its world-renowned chocolate and beer, the country offers a compelling narrative of how size doesn’t dictate significance.

When we talk about what’s big in Belgium, we’re not just referring to physical size or sheer numbers. We’re talking about impact, influence, and cultural resonance. It’s about those elements that have left an indelible mark on the world, things that, when you think of Belgium, immediately spring to mind, or perhaps, reveal themselves upon deeper exploration. Let’s dive into these significant aspects.

The Culinary Giants: Chocolate, Waffles, and Beyond

It’s almost impossible to discuss what is big in Belgium without immediately turning to its legendary culinary contributions. For many, Belgium is synonymous with two iconic treats: chocolate and waffles. But to categorize them as simply “treats” feels like an understatement. Belgian chocolate is a global standard-bearer, revered for its quality, craftsmanship, and rich flavor. The tradition of chocolate-making in Belgium dates back centuries, evolving into a sophisticated art form.

Belgian Chocolate: A World of Indulgence

What makes Belgian chocolate so special? Several factors contribute to its esteemed reputation. Primarily, it’s the meticulous attention to detail in the manufacturing process. Traditionally, Belgian chocolatiers use a higher percentage of cocoa solids and pure cocoa butter, avoiding vegetable fats that can alter the taste and texture. This dedication to high-quality ingredients results in a smoother, richer, and more complex flavor profile.

The history of chocolate in Belgium is intertwined with its colonial past, particularly with the Belgian Congo, which provided a rich source of cocoa beans. Over time, Belgian entrepreneurs and artisans honed their skills, developing unique techniques for tempering, molding, and flavoring chocolate. Today, the country boasts thousands of chocolatiers, from small artisan shops to internationally recognized brands like Godiva, Neuhaus, and Leonidas. Each offers a distinct experience, but all adhere to a certain standard of excellence.

When you visit Belgium, you’ll find chocolate shops on nearly every corner, each offering an overwhelming variety of pralines, truffles, bars, and artisanal creations. These aren’t just confections; they are edible works of art, often beautifully decorated and presented. My first experience with a true Belgian praline was a revelation. The delicate shell yielding to a creamy, flavorful ganache inside—it was a moment of pure sensory delight that redefined my understanding of what chocolate could be. It’s this dedication to quality and tradition that makes Belgian chocolate so incredibly big in Belgium and indeed, the world.

The Belgian Waffle: More Than Just a Breakfast Item

Then there are the waffles. While other countries have their versions, the Belgian waffle, particularly the Brussels waffle and the Liège waffle, holds a distinct place. The Brussels waffle is light, airy, and crisp, typically rectangular with deep indentations, perfect for holding generous toppings like whipped cream, fruit, or chocolate sauce. The Liège waffle, on the other hand, is denser, chewier, and sweeter, made with a brioche-like dough that includes pearl sugar, which caramelizes on the outside during cooking, giving it a delightful crunch and a rich, buttery flavor.

I recall wandering through Bruges on a chilly evening, the sweet scent of caramelized sugar filling the air. A vendor was expertly flipping Liège waffles on a cast-iron mold. That warm, slightly crisp exterior giving way to a soft, sweet interior, especially when paired with a dollop of fresh cream, is an experience that’s hard to replicate. It’s a simple pleasure, yet profoundly satisfying, and it’s a cornerstone of Belgian street food culture.

The cultural significance of waffles in Belgium is substantial. They are enjoyed at all times of the day, from a quick snack from a street vendor to a dessert in a fine dining restaurant. Their ubiquity and the sheer variety of ways they are prepared and served solidify their status as something truly big in Belgium.

Beyond Chocolate and Waffles: A Gastronomic Powerhouse

While chocolate and waffles often steal the spotlight, Belgium’s gastronomic scene is much broader. Belgian cuisine is characterized by its rich, hearty dishes, often featuring butter, cream, and beer. Think of classics like:

• Moules-frites: Mussels served with a generous portion of fries. This is arguably Belgium’s national dish, and it’s done with exceptional care and variety. The mussels can be cooked in white wine, cream, or even beer, and the accompanying fries are typically double-fried to achieve a perfect crisp exterior and fluffy interior.
• Stoemp: A comforting mash of potatoes and one or more vegetables, like carrots, leeks, or kale. It’s a staple of Belgian home cooking, often served as a side dish with meats.
• Carbonnade Flamande: A rich beef stew braised in Belgian beer, often with onions and a hint of mustard. This dish perfectly encapsulates the hearty, flavorful nature of Belgian cooking.

The emphasis on quality ingredients and traditional cooking methods is a hallmark of what is big in Belgium’s culinary landscape. It’s a testament to a culture that values good food and shared dining experiences.

The Realm of Beer: A Liquid Heritage

If there’s one thing that rivals chocolate in its global recognition and cultural significance in Belgium, it’s undoubtedly its beer. Belgium boasts an astonishing diversity of beer styles, traditions, and breweries, making it a paradise for beer enthusiasts worldwide. The sheer volume and variety are staggering, and the historical depth of Belgian brewing is truly remarkable.

A Kaleidoscope of Belgian Beer Styles

Belgian beer is not a single entity; it’s a spectrum of styles, each with its own unique characteristics and history. Some of the most prominent styles include:

• Trappist Ales: Brewed within the walls of Trappist monasteries by or under the supervision of monks. These beers are often strong, complex, and have a rich history. The most famous include Westmalle, Rochefort, Westvleteren, Chimay, Orval, and Achel. Each brewery produces a range of beers, typically a “Dubbel” (double), “Tripel” (triple), and “Quadrupel” (quad).
• Abbey Beers: Similar in style to Trappist beers but brewed by commercial breweries under license from or in the style of an abbey. They often carry the name of an abbey.
• Saisons: Traditionally brewed by farmers in Wallonia for seasonal farm workers. They are often pale, fruity, spicy, and refreshingly tart, with a moderate alcohol content.
• Lambics: Spontaneously fermented beers from the Pajottenland region, west of Brussels. These are unique for their tart, complex, and often sour flavors, achieved through wild yeast and bacteria. Kriek (with cherries) and Framboise (with raspberries) are popular fruit lambics.
• Witbier (Belgian White Beer): A refreshing, hazy wheat beer, often spiced with coriander and orange peel. Hoegaarden is perhaps the most famous example.
• Belgian Strong Ales: This category includes a wide range of powerful, flavorful beers, both golden and dark, often with fruity and spicy yeast notes. Duvel is a prime example of a Belgian Strong Golden Ale.

The cultural integration of beer into Belgian life is profound. It’s not just a beverage; it’s a part of national identity, culinary tradition, and even religious heritage. I’ve had the privilege of visiting a small brewery in Flanders, where generations of the same family have brewed beer using age-old methods. The passion and pride in their craft were palpable, and the resulting beer was unlike anything I’d tasted before – a true reflection of place and history.

UNESCO Recognition and Brewing Traditions

The significance of Belgian beer culture was recognized in 2016 when UNESCO inscribed it on its list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This acknowledgment highlights the deep-rooted traditions, the social practices surrounding beer consumption, and the extensive knowledge and skills involved in its production. This is undoubtedly one of the most significant aspects of what is big in Belgium.

The sheer number of breweries, from the historic Trappist monasteries to modern craft operations, is astounding. It’s estimated that Belgium produces over 1,500 different types of beer, a number that continues to grow. This diversity is a direct result of centuries of brewing experimentation, regional variations, and a profound respect for the art of fermentation.

Serving and Tasting Belgian Beer: An Art in Itself

Even the way Belgian beer is served is considered an art. Many beers have their own specific glassware, designed to enhance aroma, head retention, and taste. Pouring techniques also vary, with some beers requiring specific angles or methods to achieve the perfect frothy head, known as the “collar.” This attention to detail underscores the respect Belgians have for their national beverage.

For anyone wanting to truly understand what is big in Belgium, exploring its beer landscape is an essential journey. It’s a history lesson, a cultural immersion, and a delicious adventure all rolled into one.

The Political Hub: Brussels and International Significance

While the culinary and beverage scenes are undeniably significant, another crucial element defining what is big in Belgium is its role as a major international political and diplomatic center. Brussels, the capital, is the de facto capital of the European Union and hosts numerous other international organizations, making it a global hub of power and influence.

The European Union: A Cornerstone of Brussels

The presence of the European Union institutions in Brussels is perhaps the most significant factor in the city’s international stature. The European Commission, the Council of the European Union, and the European Parliament all have major presences here. This makes Brussels a vital center for policy-making, legislation, and diplomacy affecting the entire continent and beyond.

The daily rhythm of Brussels is shaped by this international presence. The city is home to a vast expatriate community, a constant flow of diplomats, lobbyists, journalists, and business professionals. The “European Quarter” is a unique cityscape of modern office buildings and meeting halls, a stark contrast to the more historic parts of the city, yet equally integral to its identity.

My own experiences attending conferences in Brussels have shown me this firsthand. The city buzzes with a unique energy – a blend of different cultures and a constant hum of international dialogue. It’s a place where major decisions are made that impact millions, and this level of global engagement is certainly big in Belgium.

NATO and Other International Organizations

Beyond the EU, Brussels is also the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a critical military alliance. Its presence further solidifies Brussels’ role as a key international security and political nexus. Additionally, the city hosts countless other international organizations, trade associations, and diplomatic missions, creating an environment of constant global interaction.

This concentration of international bodies means that Belgium, despite its size, plays a disproportionately large role in global affairs. Its diplomatic corps is active and influential, and its neutrality and central location have made it a favored venue for international negotiations and summits.

The Linguistic Divide and Federal Structure

Understanding what is big in Belgium also requires acknowledging its complex internal structure, particularly its linguistic diversity. Belgium has three official languages: Dutch (Flemish), French, and German. This linguistic reality has shaped the country’s political and social landscape, leading to a federal system with distinct regions and communities.

The Flemish-speaking Flanders in the north and the French-speaking Wallonia in the south have distinct cultural and economic identities. Brussels is officially bilingual but predominantly French-speaking. This internal dynamic, while sometimes presenting challenges, is also a testament to Belgium’s ability to manage diversity and maintain a cohesive national identity on a larger, international stage.

The political framework, designed to accommodate these differences, is itself a significant aspect of what is big in Belgium. It’s a constant balancing act, but one that has allowed the country to function and thrive as a multicultural nation.

Artistic and Cultural Contributions: Beyond the Canvas

Belgium has a rich artistic heritage, producing world-class painters, writers, architects, and designers. While perhaps not as globally recognized as some of its neighbors, Belgium’s cultural output is deep, influential, and a crucial part of its identity.

Flemish Masters and Surrealism: A Legacy of Art

Historically, Belgium, particularly Flanders, was a cradle of European art. The Flemish Masters of the Renaissance, such as Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, and Hieronymus Bosch, created masterpieces that defined artistic movements and continue to inspire. Their detailed realism and masterful use of light and color set a high bar for subsequent generations.

Fast forward to the 20th century, and Belgium became a powerhouse of Surrealism, with artists like René Magritte and Paul Delvaux challenging perceptions and exploring the subconscious. Magritte’s iconic images, such as “The Treachery of Images” (“Ceci n’est pas une pipe”) and “The Son of Man,” are instantly recognizable and have had a profound impact on modern art and popular culture. His witty and thought-provoking works are certainly big in Belgium’s artistic legacy.

Literature and Architecture: Diverse Expressions

Belgian literature, though perhaps less known internationally, has produced significant voices, including Nobel laureates Maurice Maeterlinck and Georges Pire. The country’s literary scene reflects its linguistic diversity, with vibrant Dutch-language and French-language literary traditions coexisting.

Architecturally, Belgium showcases a fascinating blend of styles. From the medieval grandeur of cities like Bruges and Ghent to the Art Nouveau masterpieces of Victor Horta in Brussels, the country offers a rich visual narrative. Horta’s work, in particular, is internationally acclaimed and a prime example of how Belgian innovation in design has made a global impact.

Comic Strips: A Surprisingly Big Influence

One of the most delightful and perhaps unexpectedly big cultural exports from Belgium is the comic strip. The Franco-Belgian tradition of *bande dessinée* has produced iconic characters and series that are beloved worldwide. Tintin, created by Hergé, is a global phenomenon, with his adventurous spirit and distinctive drawing style appealing to readers of all ages. The Smurfs, originating from the work of Peyo, are another Belgian creation that has achieved massive international fame.

These comic strips are more than just entertainment; they are a significant part of Belgian popular culture and a testament to its creative storytelling abilities. The Stripmuseum in Brussels is dedicated to this art form, reflecting its importance to the national identity.

Innovation and Industry: Pockets of Global Leadership

While not always the first thing that comes to mind when asking what is big in Belgium, the country has a strong history of innovation and industrial prowess, particularly in specific sectors.

Diamonds and Logistics: Belgium’s Business Acumen

Antwerp, in particular, is a global center for the diamond trade. For centuries, the city has been a leading hub for diamond cutting, polishing, and trading, processing a significant portion of the world’s rough diamonds. This industry demands precision, trust, and extensive international networks, all of which Belgium possesses in abundance.

Furthermore, Belgium’s strategic location in the heart of Europe, coupled with its excellent port facilities (like the Port of Antwerp, one of Europe’s largest) and extensive transport infrastructure, makes it a crucial logistics and distribution hub. Companies rely on Belgium for efficient movement of goods across the continent.

Pharmaceuticals and Research: Cutting-Edge Contributions

In more recent times, Belgium has established itself as a leader in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. Numerous multinational pharmaceutical companies have significant operations or research facilities in Belgium. The country’s strong academic institutions and skilled workforce contribute to a thriving ecosystem for scientific research and development. This focus on high-tech industries and life sciences represents a modern facet of what is big in Belgium.

While not a manufacturing giant on the scale of some larger economies, Belgium excels in specialized, high-value industries where innovation and expertise are paramount. This quiet efficiency in key sectors contributes significantly to its economic strength and global standing.

The Belgian Experience: Everyday Life and Cultural Nuances

Beyond the grand narratives of industry, art, and politics, what is big in Belgium also encompasses the everyday experiences and unique cultural nuances that shape life for its residents and visitors alike.

A Tale of Two Cities (and More): Regional Diversity

As mentioned, Belgium’s linguistic and regional divides are significant. Flanders, with its Flemish culture and Dutch language, has a distinct identity from Wallonia, with its French-speaking culture. Brussels, as a cosmopolitan capital, bridges these divides while also possessing its own unique character.

Exploring these regions reveals different landscapes, architectural styles, and even social customs. Ghent and Bruges offer medieval charm, while Antwerp is a modern fashion and port city. Liège and Namur in Wallonia have their own historical significance and distinct French-speaking culture. This regional diversity enriches the Belgian experience and makes it far more complex than a simple generalization would suggest.

Cycling Culture: A National Pastime

For those who live in or visit Belgium, the prevalence of cycling is immediately apparent. Belgium is a nation of cyclists. From professional racing, with icons like Eddy Merckx, to everyday commuting and leisure, cycling is deeply ingrained in the culture. Extensive bike paths crisscross the country, and the cycling season is a major event, culminating in prestigious races like the Tour of Flanders.

This passion for cycling is more than just a hobby; it’s a part of the national identity, promoting health, environmental consciousness, and a connection to the landscape. It’s a simple yet profound aspect of what is big in Belgium.

A Sense of Pragmatism and Directness

Belgians are often characterized by a pragmatic and direct approach to life and business. While they may not always be as overtly gregarious as some other European cultures, there’s a deep sense of loyalty, a strong work ethic, and a dry sense of humor that is often appreciated once you get to know people. This groundedness and sincerity are core to the Belgian character.

Navigating social interactions in Belgium might require a bit of patience and understanding of these cultural nuances, but the rewards are genuine connections and a deeper appreciation for the people.

Frequently Asked Questions about What is Big in Belgium

What is Belgium most famous for globally?

Globally, Belgium is most famous for its contributions to the world of food and drink, primarily its exceptional chocolate and a vast, diverse range of beer. Belgian chocolate is renowned for its high quality, rich flavor, and artisanal craftsmanship, making it a sought-after delicacy worldwide. Similarly, Belgian beer culture is so significant that it has been recognized by UNESCO. The country boasts an incredible variety of beer styles, from Trappist ales brewed in monasteries to spontaneously fermented lambics, each with its own unique history and brewing tradition.

Beyond culinary delights, Belgium is also highly recognized as the de facto capital of the European Union. Brussels, its capital city, hosts the headquarters of the EU Commission, Council, and Parliament, as well as NATO. This makes Belgium a crucial center for international diplomacy, politics, and decision-making that impacts millions across Europe and beyond. Therefore, its role in global governance is a substantial part of its international fame.

Additionally, Belgium has a significant artistic heritage, particularly with the legacy of the Flemish Masters like Jan van Eyck and the iconic 20th-century Surrealist artist René Magritte. The Belgian comic strip tradition, with globally recognized characters like Tintin and The Smurfs, also contributes to its international cultural footprint. Lastly, Antwerp’s status as a world-leading diamond trading hub also adds to Belgium’s global renown in specialized industries.

How does Belgium’s size affect its global impact?

It might seem counterintuitive, but Belgium’s relatively small geographical size often amplifies its global impact. Because it cannot compete on sheer scale, Belgium has focused on excelling in niche areas where quality, expertise, and innovation can make a significant difference. This has led to a disproportionate influence in sectors like:

• International Diplomacy and Governance: Hosting the EU and NATO headquarters in Brussels makes Belgium a central player in global politics. Its neutral stance and central location have made it an ideal venue for international dialogue and decision-making, giving it a voice far exceeding its landmass.
• Specialized Industries: Belgium has carved out global leadership in specific industries such as high-quality chocolate production, a vast array of beer styles, and the diamond trade (especially through Antwerp). These are not industries reliant on vast natural resources but on craftsmanship, tradition, and specialized knowledge, allowing smaller nations to excel.
• Logistics and Trade: Its strategic location at the heart of Europe, coupled with excellent infrastructure like the Port of Antwerp, makes Belgium a critical hub for international trade and logistics. Goods flow through Belgium to reach markets across the continent, embedding it deeply in global supply chains.
• Research and Innovation: Belgium has strong research institutions and a skilled workforce, leading to significant contributions in fields like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and advanced materials. These are high-value sectors where innovation, rather than size, is the key driver of success.

In essence, Belgium’s size has encouraged a strategic focus on quality, specialization, and international engagement. Instead of trying to be big in everything, it has become exceptionally good at key things, thereby maximizing its global influence.

Are Belgian waffles and chocolate truly superior to other countries’ versions?

The claim of superiority is subjective and debated, but Belgian chocolate and waffles are widely regarded as exceptional due to specific traditional practices and ingredient choices that have become hallmarks of their quality:

Belgian Chocolate: What sets it apart is often the commitment to using 100% cocoa butter, avoiding cheaper vegetable fats. This results in a smoother texture, a richer flavor, and a more satisfying melt in the mouth. Belgian chocolatiers also emphasize a meticulous production process, including careful tempering, which creates a beautiful sheen and a distinct “snap” when broken. The tradition of praline-making, with its delicate shells and complex fillings, has been refined over generations, leading to a high standard of artistry and flavor.

Belgian Waffles: There are two main types, each with distinct qualities that contribute to their fame:

• Brussels Waffles: These are light, airy, and crisp, with deep rectangular pockets. They are typically made with a yeast-leavened batter, resulting in a delicate texture that is perfect for holding toppings like whipped cream, fruit, and chocolate sauce.
• Liège Waffles: These are made from a denser, sweeter brioche-like dough that includes pearl sugar. During cooking, the pearl sugar caramelizes on the outside, creating a wonderfully crunchy, buttery exterior and a chewy, rich interior. They are often eaten plain, as the caramelized sugar provides ample sweetness.

The meticulous preparation and the unique ingredients used, especially the pearl sugar in Liège waffles, contribute to their distinctive taste and texture. While other countries have wonderful waffle traditions, the specific methods and ingredients common in Belgium have earned them a global reputation for excellence.

What is the significance of Belgium’s linguistic diversity?

Belgium’s linguistic diversity, with Dutch (Flemish) spoken in the north, French in the south, and German in a small eastern community, is a cornerstone of its national identity and political structure. Its significance lies in several key areas:

Federal System: The linguistic divide necessitated the development of a complex federal state. Belgium is divided into three regions (Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels-Capital) and three cultural communities (Flemish, French, and German-speaking). This structure aims to grant autonomy to linguistic groups in matters of culture, education, and language policy, reflecting the importance of preserving these distinct identities.

Cultural Richness: The presence of multiple languages fosters a rich cultural tapestry. Flemish and French-language literature, art, music, and media each have their own unique traditions and contributions, creating a vibrant and diverse cultural landscape within a single nation. This interplay, while sometimes challenging, also leads to unique forms of cultural expression and cross-pollination.

International Relations: Belgium’s multilingualism is also reflected in its international engagement. Its diplomats and representatives often navigate multilingual environments with ease, and the country serves as a bridge between different linguistic and cultural spheres within Europe.

Social and Political Dynamics: The linguistic divide is a constant factor in Belgian social and political discourse. While efforts are made to foster unity, regional identities remain strong, and political debates often revolve around the balance of power and resources between the different linguistic communities. Understanding this dynamic is crucial to comprehending Belgian politics and society.

Ultimately, Belgium’s linguistic diversity is not just a feature but a defining characteristic that has shaped its history, its governance, and its very soul. It underscores the nation’s capacity to manage complexity and maintain cohesion despite significant internal differences.

What are the key economic strengths of Belgium?

Belgium’s economic strengths are diverse and leverage its strategic location, skilled workforce, and historical industries. Key strengths include:

Logistics and Transportation Hub: Situated at the crossroads of Europe, Belgium boasts world-class infrastructure, including the Port of Antwerp (one of Europe’s largest), extensive road and rail networks, and Brussels Airport. This makes it a vital hub for international trade, distribution, and supply chain management. Many multinational corporations use Belgium as their European distribution base.

High-Value Manufacturing and Industry: While not a heavy industrial power, Belgium excels in specialized, high-value manufacturing. This includes advanced chemical industries, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and the automotive sector. The country has a strong tradition of engineering and technical expertise.

Services Sector: The robust services sector is a significant contributor to Belgium’s GDP. This encompasses finance, business services, IT, and research and development. The presence of major international organizations in Brussels also fuels a substantial services economy related to diplomacy, consulting, and legal services.

Specialized Trade and Craftsmanship: Belgium maintains global leadership in niche markets like the diamond trade through Antwerp, renowned for its expertise in cutting, polishing, and trading. The artisanal production of its world-famous chocolate and beer also represents significant economic and cultural exports.

Skilled and Multilingual Workforce: Belgium benefits from a highly educated and multilingual workforce, particularly in the Flemish-speaking Flanders region. This is a crucial asset for attracting foreign investment and maintaining competitiveness in global markets.

Research and Development: The country invests heavily in R&D, particularly in the life sciences, biotechnology, and advanced materials sectors, fostering innovation and driving economic growth through technological advancements.

These strengths, often built on specialized expertise and strategic positioning rather than sheer scale, allow Belgium to maintain a strong and competitive economy on the global stage.

Conclusion: A Nation of Profound Influence

In answering the question of what is big in Belgium, we discover a nation whose influence far outweighs its physical dimensions. It is a country that has mastered the art of excellence in specialized fields, leaving an indelible mark on global culture, cuisine, politics, and innovation.

From the decadent allure of its world-class chocolate and the complex, rich heritage of its beers to its pivotal role as a geopolitical center in Brussels and its artistic legacy that spans centuries, Belgium consistently punches above its weight. Its pragmatic approach, coupled with a deep respect for tradition and a drive for innovation, has allowed it to cultivate unique strengths that resonate worldwide.

Understanding what is big in Belgium is an invitation to explore a rich tapestry of achievements, a testament to how quality, dedication, and a unique cultural identity can shape global perceptions and contributions. It’s a story of a small country with a very large impact.